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Big Ideas / Essential Questions
Content Area 1: Global Prehistory
Content Area 2: Ancient Mediterranean
Content Area 3: Early Europe & Colonial Americas
Content Area 4: Later Europe and Americas
Content Area 5: Indigenous Americas
Content Area 6: Africa
Content Area 7: West and Central Asia
Content Area 8: South, East and Southeast Asia
Content Area 9: The Pacific
Content Area 10: Global Contemporary
Artcard Info & Layout
APAH Home
Big Ideas / Essential Questions
Content Area 1: Global Prehistory
Content Area 2: Ancient Mediterranean
Content Area 3: Early Europe & Colonial Americas
Content Area 4: Later Europe and Americas
Content Area 5: Indigenous Americas
Content Area 6: Africa
Content Area 7: West and Central Asia
Content Area 8: South, East and Southeast Asia
Content Area 9: The Pacific
Content Area 10: Global Contemporary
Artcard Info & Layout
content area 3
early europe and colonial americas
(200 - 1750 C.E.)
51 works
48. Catacomb of Priscilla. Rome, Italy. Late Antique Europe. c. 200–400 C.E. Excavated tufa and fresco
49. Santa Sabina. Rome, Italy. Late Antique Europe. c. 422–432 C.E. Brick and stone, wooden roof.
50. Rebecca and Eliezer at the Well and Jacob Wrestling the Angel, from the Vienna Genesis. Early Byzantine Europe. Early sixth century C.E. Illuminated manuscript (tempera, gold, and silver on purple vellum).
51. San Vitale. Ravenna, Italy. Early Byzantine Europe. c. 526–547 C.E. Brick, marble, and stone veneer; mosaic.
A16. St. Michael the Archangel Ivory / Byzantine / 525 – 550 C.E. / ivory
52. Hagia Sophia. Constantinople (Istanbul). Anthemius of Tralles and Isidorus of Miletus. 532–537 C.E. Brick and ceramic elements with stone and mosaic veneer.
53. Merovingian looped fibulae. Early medieval Europe. Mid-sixth century C.E. Silver gilt worked in filigree, with inlays of garnets and other stones
54. Virgin (Theotokos) and Child between Saints Theodore and George. Early Byzantine Europe. Sixth or early seventh century C.E. Encaustic on wood.
55. Lindisfarne Gospels: St. Matthew, cross-carpet page; St. Luke portrait page; St. Luke incipit page. Early medieval (Hiberno Saxon) Europe. c. 700 C.E. Illuminated manuscript (ink, pigments, and gold on vellum).
56. Great Mosque. Córdoba, Spain. Umayyad. BEGUN c. 785–786 C.E. Stone masonry
57. Pyxis of al-Mughira. Umayyad. c. 968 C.E. Ivory
58. Church of Sainte-Foy. Conques, France. Romanesque Europe. Church: c. 1050–1130 C.E.; Reliquary of Saint Foy: ninth century C.E., with later additions. Stone (architecture); stone and paint (tympanum); gold, silver, gemstones, and enamel over wood (reliquary).
59. Bayeux Tapestry. Romanesque Europe (English or Norman). c. 1066–1080 C.E. Embroidery on linen.
60. Chartres Cathedral. Chartres, France. Gothic Europe. Original construction c. 1145–1155 C.E.; reconstructed c. 1194–1220 C.E. Limestone, stained glass.
61. Dedication Page with Blanche of Castile and King Louis IX of France, Scenes from the Apocalypse from Bibles moralisées. Gothic Europe. c. 1225–1245 C.E. Illuminated manuscript (ink, tempera, and gold leaf on vellum).
62. Röttgen Pietà. Late medieval Europe. c. 1300–1325 C.E. Painted wood.
A23. Sainte-Chapelle / Paris, France / 1243 – 1248 / stone, stained glass
63. Arena (Scrovegni) Chapel, including Lamentation. Padua, Italy. Unknown architect; Giotto di Bondone (artist). Chapel: c. 1303 C.E.; Fresco: c. 1305. Brick (architecture) and fresco.
A24. Peaceful City and Country (from the Effects of Good Government in the City and Country) / A: Ambrogio Lorenzetti / from the Sala della Pace, Siena, Italy / 1338 – 1339 / fresco
64. Golden Haggadah (The Plagues of Egypt, Scenes of Liberation, and Preparation for Passover). Late medieval Spain. c. 1320 C.E. Illuminated manuscript (pigments and gold leaf on vellum).
65. Alhambra. Granada, Spain. Nasrid Dynasty. 1354–1391 C.E. Whitewashed adobe stucco, wood, tile, paint, and gilding
66. Annunciation Triptych (Merode Altarpiece). Workshop of Robert Campin. 1427–1432 C.E. Oil on wood.
A26. (left image) Sacrifice of Isaac competition panel / A: Filippo Brunelleschi / for the east doors of the Baptistery of San Giovanni, Florence, Italy / 1401 – 1402 / bronze ................................ A27. (right image) Sacrifice of Isaac competition panel / A: Lorenzo Ghiberti / for the east doors of the Baptistery of San Giovanni, Florence, Italy / 1401 – 1402 / bronze
A29. Dome of Santa Maria Del Fiore (Duomo of Florence) / A: Fillipo Brunelleschi / Florence, Italy / 1420 – 1436 / stone, brick, marble
67. Pazzi Chapel. Basilica di Santa Croce. Florence, Italy. Filippo Brunelleschi (architect). c. 1429–1461 C.E. Masonry.
A28. Tribute Money / A: Masaccio / from the Brancacci Chapel, Santa Maria del Carmine, Florence, Italy / c. 1424 – 1427 / fresco
68. The Arnolfini Portrait. Jan van Eyck. c. 1434 C.E. Oil on wood.
69. David. Donatello. c. 1440–1460 C.E. Bronze.
70. Palazzo Rucellai. Florence, Italy. Leon Battista Alberti (architect). c. 1450 C.E. Stone, masonry.
71. Madonna and Child with Two Angels. Fra Filippo Lippi. c. 1465 C.E. Tempera on wood.
72. Birth of Venus. Sandro Botticelli. c. 1484–1486 C.E. Tempera on canvas.
73. Last Supper. Leonardo da Vinci. c. 1494–1498 C.E. Oil and tempera.
74. Adam and Eve. Albrecht Dürer. 1504 C.E. Engraving.
A39. David / A: Michelangelo Buonarroti from the Piazza della Signoria, Florence, Italy / c. 1501 – 1504 / marble
A42. St. Peter’s Basilica / Vatican City / by Donato Bramate / plan / 1505 ; by Michelangelo Buonarroti / refined plan / 1546; by Giacomo della Porta / dome / 1546 – 1564; by Carlo Maderno / façade / 1606 – 1612; by Gianlorenzo Bernini / Piazza / 1656 – 1667; stone, marble
75. Sistine Chapel ceiling and altar wall frescoes. Vatican City, Italy. Michelangelo. Ceiling frescoes: c. 1508–1512 C.E.; altar frescoes: c. 1536–1541 C.E. Fresco.
76. School of Athens. Raphael. 1509–1511 C.E. Fresco.
77. Isenheim altarpiece. Matthias Grünewald. c. 1512–1516 C.E. Oil on wood
78. Entombment of Christ. Jacopo da Pontormo. 1525–1528 C.E. Oil on wood.
79. Allegory of Law and Grace. Lucas Cranach the Elder. c. 1530 C.E. Woodcut and letterpress.
80. Venus of Urbino. Titian. c. 1538 C.E. Oil on canvas.
A44. Burial of Count Orgaz / by El Greco / 1586 / oil on canvas
81. Frontispiece of the Codex Mendoza. Viceroyalty of New Spain. c. 1541–1542 C.E. Ink and color on paper.
82. Il Gesù, including Triumph of the Name of Jesus ceiling fresco. Rome, Italy. Giacomo da Vignola, plan (architect); Giacomo della Porta, facade (architect); Giovanni Battista Gaulli, ceiling fresco (artist). Church: 16th century C.E.; facade: 1568–1584 C.E.; fresco and stucco figures: 1676–1679 C.E. Brick, marble, fresco, and stucco.
A45. Baldachino / by Gianlorenzo Bernini / Saint Peter’s, Vatican City / 1624 – 1633 / bronze
83. Hunters in the Snow. Pieter Bruegel the Elder. 1565 C.E. Oil on wood.
84. Mosque of Selim II. Edirne, Turkey. Sinan (architect). 1568–1575 C.E. Brick and stone.
85. Calling of Saint Matthew. Caravaggio. c. 1597–1601 C.E. Oil on canvas.
A46. Judith Beheading Holofernes / by Artemisia Gentileschi / c. 1614 – 1620 / oil on canvas
86. Henri IV Receives the Portrait of Marie de’ Medici, from the Marie de’ Medici Cycle. Peter Paul Rubens. 1621–1625 C.E. Oil on canvas.
87. Self-Portrait with Saskia. Rembrandt van Rijn. 1636 C.E. Etching.
A48. The Company of Captain Frans Banning Cocq (Night Watch) / by Rembrandt van Rijn / 1642 / oil on canvas
88. San Carlo alle Quattro Fontane. Rome, Italy. Francesco Borromini (architect). 1638–1646 C.E. Stone and stucco.
89. Ecstasy of Saint Teresa. Cornaro Chapel, Church of Santa Maria della Vittoria. Rome, Italy. Gian Lorenzo Bernini. c. 1647–1652 C.E. Marble (sculpture); stucco and gilt bronze (chapel).
90. Angel with Arquebus, Asiel Timor Dei. Master of Calamarca (La Paz School). c. 17th century C.E. Oil on canvas.
91. Las Meninas. Diego Velázquez. c. 1656 C.E. Oil on canvas.
92. Woman Holding a Balance. Johannes Vermeer. c. 1664 C.E. Oil on canvas.
93. The Palace at Versailles. Versailles, France. Louis Le Vau and Jules Hardouin-Mansart (architects). Begun 1669 C.E. Masonry, stone, wood, iron, and gold leaf (architecture); marble and bronze (sculpture); gardens.
94. Screen with the Siege of Belgrade and hunting scene. Circle of the González Family. c. 1697–1701 C.E. Tempera and resin on wood, shell inlay.
95. The Virgin of Guadalupe (Virgen de Guadalupe). Miguel González. c. 1698 C.E. Based on original Virgin of Guadalupe. Basilica of Guadalupe, Mexico City. 16th century C.E. Oil on canvas on wood, inlaid with mother-of-pearl.
96. Fruit and Insects. Rachel Ruysch. 1711 C.E. Oil on wood.
97. Spaniard and Indian Produce a Mestizo. Attributed to Juan Rodríguez Juárez. c. 1715 C.E. Oil on canvas.
98. The Tête à Tête, from Marriage à la Mode. William Hogarth. c. 1743 C.E. Oil on canvas.